Kellogg School of Management
  Kellogg Alumni Club of Recanati - Middle East
 
Club Home
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Club Events
Get Involved
Directory
Careers
Photo Album
Useful Links
Contact
 
 
Add Page to Favorites
 
Alumni Network Home
Kellogg School
Northwestern University
KR Cares Diaries

As you can read in the section on KR Cares, every week (during school term time) volunteers from the KR student classes and from KR Alumni make themselves available to present a glimpse of their world, to under-privileged children, in the hope that doing so, they will give the children an understanding that they really can live out their dreams if they want to.  'KR Cares Diaries presents a summary of the KR lectures, week by week.

 


July 2007 - Headed for the last year by Jeremy Weiss (KR10), and David Vortman, (KR10), the team has just completed its third year of KR-Cares, at the Rogozin High School.  Jeremy and David's summary of the highlights from the past year, 2006-7, can be found below:

 

1.      Targets and goals:

The main targets for this year were:

·        Breaking cycles - exposing the students to the ability to break a dead lock.

·        Basic business concepts - presenting to the students basic business concepts from various disciplines.

·        Accompanying on a personal/individual level.

·        Continuity - repeating the theme and the business concepts on a weekly basis.

 

This year we worked with twelve grade students throughout the entire year and put all efforts into these kids, rather than to have two different classes (each a half a year), like in the past.

 

As part of the continuity theme, each lecturer was asked to write a summary of his lecture, with the summary given to the students and filed in a personal folder that they own.

 

At the beginning of every class we read an article from a financial newspaper that is relevant to what they have studied.

 

2.      Lectures & tours:

Starting November 2006, we held a 1 to 1.5 hour lecture at the school, every Sunday, with the lectures given by KR students, alumni and external guest speakers.

 

The following summarizes lectures taught throughout the school year:

  • Nimrod Golan (KR09, marketing manager at RAFAEL) who ran the program last year and opened this year with his presentation. His point that was presented was “do what you love and love what you do”
  • Ayelet Oron  (KR06; Vice President at AIG Orion Fund) Ayelet has been constantly involved in the KR-Cares program from the beginning and has helped throughout the past year. Ayelet spoke on the topic of Venture Capital and her experience in the VC environment.
  • Eyal Eshed (KR10 director at DVTEL) Eyal lectured on entrepreneurship and his experience as the entrepreneur of Omnivee.
  • Jer Weiss (KR10 Prime minister’s office) Jer ran the KR-Cares program this year. He spoke about Crises Management and the ability to turn crises into a success.
  • David Vortman (KR10 AVP Marketing- Comverse). Davidi is running the KR-Cares program together with Jer, this year. Davidi spoke about cultural differences and why they cause conflicts in the business arena as well as the political one.
  • Yossi Rivlin (the TAU Management Faculty & Kellogg-Recanati spokesman) gave an important lecture on creative thinking.
  • Orit Mendelson-Shoham (EMBA Program Director at Tel-Aviv University) Orit presented the topic of Critical Success Factors.
  • Idan Katz (KR10 Strategy and business development Wireless Modules manager at Motorola).gave a session on Innovative product and technology and his Personal experience in product management.
  • Nahoum Shaol (prior general manager of prisoner rehabilitation authority) gave a relevant talk on personal & practical awareness. 
  • Amir Gay (KR10, managing director at Adler Chomski & Warshavski-Grey) gave a presentation on advertisement.
  • Itai Kohavi (KR03, serial entrepreneur) spoke on business entrepreneurship challenges. He caught the class's attention when talking about his first business at the age of 16, a chocolate milk & roll delivery business.
  • David Partesana (KR09; Information Technology Manager at IDB Group.) gave an eye level lecture on holding companies and types of businesses.
  • Bat Sheva (KR10, general counsel at Alvarion.) gave an interactive lecture on negotiation.

3.  Tours :

  • Palmahim air force base (thanks to Gabi Shachor KR09 and Palmahim base commander)
  • HP Indigo (thanks to Alon Maoz KR09 and Director of Finance, Hewlett-Packard -Indigo Division)

4. Other Activities

  • As part of the personal accompanying theme, 3 students showed interest in learning more about the topic of investment. Ofer Dascula (KR10, CEO of S.E.M Professionals ) put us in touch with Nati Natan, from I.B.I who organized a 3 hour visit to I.B.I. John, Chris (both kids of foreign workers) & Eran were extremely impressed and shared their experience in class in our last meeting.
  • Pazit Rozenzweig (KR coordinator) organized an activity of giving Mishloach Manot for the Jewish holiday of Purim from KR10 & KR11, to the Rogozin School.
  • Tal Sliwowicz (KR10, VP of Software Development Invoke Solutions.) helped in organizing meetings between the students and an organization that deals with enrolling to the IDF.

 5. Summary session

We held an “end of the year” summary meeting with the class on the 19th June 2007. We asked the kids what where their take-aways from the program and do they have any feedback. There responses were encouraging. Some of the student’s remarks were:

  • Eran: 'I learned that one can leverage on a crisis to create a success. That it is possible to turn a crisis into a success.” Natali add: “ The Johnson & Johnson case was a great example of crisis management”
  • Michele:  “the importance of creativity.  Creativity as a means to approach a issue or a problem”
  • Natali: “In the beginning I thought that the existing professions were law, physiology, medicine etc. I learned that there are many different options.”
  • John: “my take-away is that I can break a dead lock. I have heard lecturers that came from different backgrounds and have achieved there goals”

Some of their remarks regarding the program were that they would like more lectures, more company visits and to hear more about the army service.  

We gave the kids our telelphone numbers and encouraged them to turn to us if they needed to consult or discusses. Some students already have done so. 

 

In addition, the school held an event for all its volunteers, in which Gabi Shachor, the founder of the Rogozin project @ KR-Cares was the keynote speaker. Gabi gave a lecture on different approaches to education.

 

6. Next year (2007-8)

Daphna Carasso, Yoav Gross, Amir Shub and Alon Shaham from KR11 have volunteered to take on the KR-Cares program for next year, and we, the 2006/7 team, hope that they will enjoy the important work they have in front of them in the same way that we did.

 


 

Comment by Nimrod Golan (KR09), KR Cares organising team member

'Even though it is often hard to notice it in an instant, I can share with you my own observation regarding the project influence on the class. According to the students’ feedback, beyond the personal values we have tried to deliver, the exposure to a variety of fields of interests has created a unique opportunity for 10th grade students to widen their perspective on the world in general and each student's set of aspirations in particular. In other words, it is the aggregated effect of all lectures that creates this powerful impression. And for that we’d like to thank again all of you for being partners in this important and enjoyable voyage.'

 

18th June 2006 – Eyal Eshed (KR10)

Eyal Eshed was our guest lecturer at Rogozin High School, this week.  Through his rich experienced professional life as an entrepreneur, Eyal demonstrated the essentials of achievements pursuing and self fulfillment.  Aided with several video demonstrations, Eyal presented the technology of merging video sources. This technology was developed by their Israeli start-up which was subsequently acquired by an American company. As appropriate to the last session before the summer vacation, Eyal’s lecture embedded all the fundamentals and values we have wished to deliver to the students.

 

11th June 2006 – David Ben Gal (KR07)

David Ben Gal was our guest lecturer at Rogozin High Schoo, his week.  David’s presentation headline was “I as a startup”. With a brilliant idea, David divided his lecture into two sections. In the first section, with the help of the class, he listed all that it takes to facilitate and develop a start-up company, including agenda, resources, knowledge, workers, management, customers, and marketing.  In the second section, David demonstrated how these same characteristics could be applied by each student as part of a personal development program.

 

6th June 2006 – Gadi Angel (KR06), Angel Bakeries tour

Yesterday, we had our last session of the mini-semester at Reshit school – a visit to Angel Bakeries.

 

Zohar, who was until recently in charge on the Company's operations, took the pupils for a tour in the bakery and exposed them to some major issues and dilemmas related to the operations of a large bakery.  The pupils had many questions, including 'Isn't it too difficult to work in such a heat?',  'How much does the bakery earn and how do you calculate it?' and the million dollar question – 'how much does an employee earn?').  Zohar's answers were very comprehensive and educational.

 

The tour was a nice conclusion to this series of lectures - both education and experience wise.

 

23rd May 2006 – Ofer Elazar (KR08)

Last Tuesday Ofer Elazar was our guest lecturer at 'Reshit' school.  Ofer talked with the pupils about the importance of leadership and team work in general and, more specifically, at work.  He also provided some examples from his own world of electronic engineering.  Through a very interactive and humorous presentation, Ofer succeeded to get the pupils' attention and to convey some very important lessons.  The best part of the session was perhaps the 'tennis balls' game that Ofer took from the KR program and tried on these 9th grade pupils. Interestingly enough, the pupils did better than some KR classes! The game and its analysis was a great opening for a discussion of what 'team work' is all about.

 

7th May 2006 – Rebecca Rachmany (KR02)

On Sunday, Rebecca Rachmany was our guest lecturer at Rogozin High School.  As KR's students and graduates we all came to appreciate the importance of networking. Unfortunately, soft skills and particularly networking are not being taught in school, thus luckily for the pupils, Rebecca chose to expose them to this wonderful area.

 

Aided with slides presentation Rebecca explained what is networking, why do we need it and how do we develop and use it.

 

The Students could also very much relate to Rebecca's personal life story as a person who wasn't born in Israel and had to overcome obstacles which most of the class are very familiar with like language barrier, on her way to fulfill personal achievements.

 

30th April 2006 – Harel Braude (KR06)

On Sunday, Rogozin pupils were the guests of Harel Braude at Ituran.  Harel came to Rogozin to meet the students and joined them to the 20 minutes ride with the bus to the company facility. While in the bus, equipped with a wireless lap-top installed with Ituran's application, Harel gave a real-time demonstration of Ituran's capabilities in tracking cars. The students could see the icon of the bus moves on a dynamic streets map and get a first hand experience.

 

At the company we were hosted at the workers' wealth club where the students were given a presentation of the company's history and current activities. The humorous and action oriented marketing videos had made a substantial impression on the students. Further on Harel took the students to a fascinating tour in the different branches of the company including customer service and operations.

 

The highlight of the visit was kept in secret until the end. The students were divided to two groups. The first group was equipped with an Ituran module and sent outside to locate a car hidden in the surrounding streets. The second group stayed at Ituran’s facility and used the Ituran system to give real-time guiding directions to the first group. The latter demonstrated the company capabilities a very entertaining way.  In the hidden car the students found souvenirs which they brought back and shared with the rest of the group.

 

Undoubtedly that was one of the most interesting and enjoying tours.

 

23rd April 2006 – Oded Megido (KR05)

On Sunday, Oded Megido was as our guest lecturer at Rogozin High School.  Oded, a KR graduate gave a fabulous presentation on real-estate entrepreneurship.  Oded introduced the different aspects of building a new house: technical issues (materials, components …), bureaucratic procedures, design and esthetic issues and many more. The students showed interest and participated by asking questions.

 

We believe that the true effect of this project is generated by the aggregated exposure to different aspects of the wide range business world.   Oded, revealed for us a new segment on that spectrum, one that might be mistakably considered as gray, yet with great talent Oded emphasized the architectural point of view and showed us the many shades of this area.

 

2nd April 2006 – Ayelet Oron (KR06)

On Sunday, Ayelet Oron was the guest lecturer at Rogozin High School.   In the presentation Ayelet explained to the pupils what is a VC, how a VC works, VC's basic structure, expected returns, and investment criteria.  We played a 'voting game' in which Ayelet presented to them the Fund's investments, including the products and the year of investment, and each pupil had to vote for the two companies that he thinks would succeed the most. Interesting enough, the pupils picked the two companies that indeed are the most successful ones of our portfolio.

 

This game and the analysis of the current status of each company, was a good stimulation for the investment criteria discussion.  The pupils expressed quite an impressive knowledge in the communications space and asked many good questions (they love everything related to cellular phones!).

 

Through exposing the pupils to the VC world and walking them through Ayelet's own career path we believe (and hope!) that Ayelet succeeded to convey some important messages such as: the risk-reward relationship, the importance of hard work, the women's perspective (it seems that the girls in the class are very interested to learn from women's experience, as it was noticed in Fiona's lecture as well).

 

26th March 2006 – Eric Goldberg (KR-HT03)

On Sunday, March 26, Eric Goldberg was our guest lecturer at Rogozin.  Eric's lecture was about embassies, how they work, their general functions and structure and what it takes in order to work in an embassy.

 

Erik spoke to the pupils 'eye to eye' and succeeded in attracting a few people to ask more specific questions and how they can work in embassies around the world. With a great methodology and enthusiasm to change something in these children's life, Erik succeeded to communicate some very important values such as: the importance of loving what you are doing, the importance of deciding what you want to do in your life and why should you aim to study in the university.

 

19th March 2006 – Uri Wardinon (KR06)

On Sunday, March 19, Uri Wardinon  was our guest lecturer at Rogozin High School.

Uri gave a short background about the Company (Vardinon…), the industry, competitors and talked about marketing and advertising in the bedding & towels industry (with some nice examples (in the form of catalogues, TV ads) that succeeded to keep them concentrated for a while!). We would like to thank Uri for his insightful lecture!!!

 

5th March 2006 - Alon Maoz (KR09)

Rogozin pupils were the guests of Alon Maoz at HP-Indigo, this week. Based on exceptional past experience, the tour to HP-Indigo set high expectations from the first moment it appeared in our schedule. Indeed, the tour exceeded the expectations. Alon conducted the whole tour and opened the day with a presentation of the company and its activities. Following the presentation the students were taken through the printing machines assembly line, the ink manufacturing floor and lastly the test center.  At that point each student got a personalized post cards and a bulletin board with his or her name and picture on it (which was taken at the beginning of the tour).

 

This kind of enriching experience opens a window for the students to get a first hand impression of different industries and working environments.  Equipped with large paper bags full of posters and a memory for life the students went back to school.

 

As most of us are already familiar with the HP-Indigo famous hosting culture, well, they did it again !!

 

26th February 2006 - Nimrod Golan (KR09)

This week, Nimrod Golan was the guest lecturer at Rogozin High School.  Nimrod talked about the Israeli Air Force and aerospace technologies.  Actually, the presentation delat more with the linkage between love and success, in each area of life.

 

19th February 2006 - Roy Daya (KR08)

This week, Roy Daya was our guest lecturer and opened the second semester at Rogozin High School.  Roy gave a wonderful lecture about entrepreneurship.  Roy shared with the students his life story and profoundly described the requirements and characteristics of an entrepreneur, by heart.

 

29th January 2006 - Palmachim Air Force Base tour

Yesterday the Rogozeen High School class was hosted by the Palmachim Air Force Base. The tour started at a Blackhawk squadron where the kids met with soldiers, officers and pilots who explained about their different positions in the unit. The kids visited the flight line, watched the aircrafts taking off and got inside the cockpit and cargo of the helicopter. Gathered at the squadron briefing room, the kids watched a video presenting the daily activity and missions.  The next stop was at the control tower where the kids watched another video showing the different units of the base followed with a thorough explanation about traffic control.  The third unit we visited was the Helicopter Flight Simulator facility. With six degrees of freedom motion, simulated vibrations, ambient sound and full screen vision, this $35M simulator is considered to be one of the most advanced simulators in the world. Inside the simulator the kids could get the true feeling of flying a helicopter.

 

All along the tour the kids were fascinated, and asked a lot of questions, especially since all of them will soon go to the army soon.

 

After lunch at the officer’s dining room we all gathered at the office of Gabi Shachor (KR09), co-founder of the Rogozeen project, and now commander of the air base.

 

Throughout the whole program all lecturers tried to convey messages regarding taking responsibility on one future. The army is one phase among many others to follow in life, in which the pupils can bring to practice those important messages.

 

We could see the difference and the changes occurred in the kids and their attitude towards their dreams and capabilities.

 

22nd January 2006 – Ronen Arbel (KR-HT01)

Yesterday, Ronen Arbel was our guest lecturer at Rogozin High School.  Ronen approached the pupils on a very personal level. By outlaying the different stops in his life, and how he evolved from one to the other, Ronen described his decisions reasoning at each stage. Along the way, he emphasized important values like family (marriage and kids), friendship, self fulfilling, consistency and more. 

 

Ronen shared with the class his past experience as a manager in a company that went sky rocking right after its IPO and dived to the bottom not long after. Rarely do people share their failures with others, but Ronen brilliantly levered the essence of this story to deliver the most fundamental message every entrepreneur should know: 'be ready to fail, learn from your past experience, get up and try again'.

 

Ronen also talked about graduate studies and their importance. For example in his case the KR program helped him to analyze his past business experience, debrief and become a successful manager in the med-tech industry.

 

15th January 2006- Ilan Freedman (KR06)

Last Sunday Ilan Freedman was our guest lecture in Rogozin High school.  Ilan gave a presentation about marketing.  Successfully manoeuvring under tight time limitations, Ilan presented the professional approach and fundamentals of marketing.  Ilan managed to present basic marketing concepts such as the 4 P's, segmentation, positioning and more, using examples to help better explain the concepts.

 

He shared with the class his life experience and personal story from a young boy of their age, to the senior position he holds today.

 

As a trained marketing person Ilan gave the kids pens and laser pointers at the end of the lecture.  Now towards the end of the current semester the pupils start to see the whole picture and the diversity of the business world.

 

25th December 2005 - Adam Parnes

Today we had Adam Parnes, general manager of Oscar Gruss Israel, as our guest lecturer in Rogozeen school. The session was about the Capital Markets. Adam gave a short overview about himself and the development of his life and career and then conducted an open discussion about basic terms from the Capital Market & Finance worlds (interest rate, risk, stocks, bonds etc.). The pupils had many questions about terms they heard in the media and wanted to know what it actually means as well as questions about Adam's personal decision making process along his career.

 

The discussion was very straight forward, and Adam succeeded in explaining the terms in simple, easy to understand language, bringing the pupils a bit closer to this world.

 

The session ended by some personal questions addressed to Adam.  It seems that the pupils were very interested to learn from Adam's unique life experience. Beyond the knowledge that the pupils were exposed to, they were exposed to another role model, a different way of thinking, routing and influencing your own life.

 

28th December 2005 - Ilan Barda (KR09)

This Sunday we were privileged to have Ilan Barda from SeabridgeNetworks as our guest lecturer in Rogozeen High School.  Equipped with a very communicative presentation, Ilan taught the class about the development and current trends on information technology and communication.   Ilan took the audience to the future. … for example, imagine your cable TV, computer, and play-station integrated into one appliance

.

Beyond the virtues of technology, Ilan demonstrated the competitive business environment, specifically related to companies around the world trying to meet the deadline of the coming 2006 world-cup with communication and broadcasting technologies.

 

Towards the end of his lecture, Ilan emphasized the importance of choosing a direction in life which gives you satisfaction. This important message is conveyed each time a passionate KR  lecturer tells the class of his or her position with zeal and enthusiasm.

 

11th December 2005 – Fiona Darmon (, KR08)

Yesterday, Fiona from Koor was our guest lecture in Rogozeen High school.  Fiona found excellent ways to address the pupils in the most communicative way. After she shortly presented her unique background and the chapters of her life, Fiona invited the pupils to actively participate in the simula, tion we all remember from Professor Zemel’s course (building paper houses). It didn’t come as a surprise when the throughput of a dedicated 5 pupils group was greater than when the whole class was divided into groups. The simulation successfully demonstrated the fact that Koor being a 4BNIS corporation could be very well managed by only 12 people.

 

Mentioning her partner Jackie Goren-Rozenblum, (KR05) and their long business relationship, Fiona brilliantly delivered a very strong message regarding women’s place in the business environment. No wonder the kids and particularly the girls were excited and fired endless stream of questions towards her.  More than just the values we are trying to deliver through the platform of our life and business stories, it takes the spark in the eyes of only one kid who identifies with the role model standing in front of him that makes everything so worthwhile.

 

4th December 2005 - Ido Rosolio (KR01)

Yesterday the Rogozeen project took a tour to Ashdod Refinery ORL.  The tour was brilliantly conducted by Ido Rosolio.   Every tour has its unique attributes, and this time we were privileged to get acquainted with a well established company, a company that was established by the British during the mandate, and changed hands to Israeli control in 1958, ten years after the declaration of independence.  Ido thoroughly explained about the production process and the different products manufactured. It is hard not to be impressed with the huge scale of logistic involved. “300 tankers a day” is just one example of many.

 

Following the presentation Ido took the kids for a very interesting guided tour in the facility. The bus navigated its way between the big matrix of huge pipe lines, pumps, heat exchangers, and more. The last station of the tour was the central control room which looks like an operations command room with dozens of blinking lights and computer screens.   Just before heading back to school we joined the factory workers at their lunch break in the dinning room.

 

27th November 2005 – Prof. Gadi Ariav, KR

Today we were honoured to have Professor Gadi Ariav as our guest lecturer.  In a very communicative way and with great passion, Gadi revealed the mysteries of the Academic world and its diversified areas.

 

Gadi’s lecture was very much aligned with the core message we are trying to deliver in this project; the direct linkage between high school education, academic education and self fulfilling was crystal clear.

 

Surprisingly the pupils expressed substantial knowledge in the area and were eager to ask many questions. As a summary exercise Gadi gave the kids “The Marker” newspapers in which they were asked to identify words that they do not fully understand. The latter was successfully used to demonstrate the theme of MBA studies.

 

20th November 2005 - Sarig Gafni (KR09)

Today, Sarig Gafni from Teva was our guest lecturer.   The subject was the development process of medical drugs.  It is not trivial at all to talk about such drugs in front of teenagers -  it will probably be a lot more fascinating to them 50 years from now.  Nevertheless, the pupils showed great interest and enthusiasm as a result of a wonderful presentation which was built and delivered as an evolving plot or game. Sarig came to class equipped with boxes full of TEVA souvenirs.  Guesses and bets where placed prior to each step in the presentation. Kids that guessed right were reworded.

 

Undoubtedly, the pupils can tell you now how much money and how long on average does it take to develop a new medicine.  Furthermore, the pupils got to know another form of the business world.  Beyond the information presented, Sarig’s lecture conveyed strong messages regarding values and education.

 

13th November 2005 – Didier Toubia (KR-HT03)

Yesterday Didier Toubia was our guest lecturer at Rogrozeen High school. Didier gave a fascinating lecture and rose to a significant challenge of explaining to the students about the very nature of start-ups and entrepreneurship.  In a very communicative way, added with a well structured presentation and armed with real life examples, Didier demonstrated the different milestones and stages of the process.  The class then simulated in groups innovative techniques and came up with cool products for which later on they identified the appropriate market segments.

 

It is always overwhelming to see that each lecture touches different kids in class.  Once again, boys and girls whose voice was never heard before suddenly became actively involved.

 

6th November 2005 – Dani Sgavit, (KR09), Hyundai tour

Once a month Rogozeen project takes a tour to a firm or an organization.  Today we were hosted by Dani Shavit, at the Hyundai facility at Rosh Ha'ain. 

 

If judged by student's attendance, no doubt this tour won the 'rating prize'.  Dani opened with a marvellous presentation which demonstrated the different aspects of car-brand management.

A tour to the huge spare-parts distribution centre, which is fully computerized, exposed the students to issues like logistic management and inventory control. Did you know that a regular car consist of 30,000 different parts?  In the course of the conversation, the students got a fascinating lecture on automobile safety by Vladi (also Hyundai employee). Vladi used a full sized car systems mock-up to explain the students of the different functions and components usually hidden from the eye.

 

At the end of the tou,r Dani and his friends at Hyundai were very kind to hand out souvenirs to the students, something to remember from a very well organized and beautiful tour.  Proven once again – where studies and fun live together, an adventure becomes an experience for life.

 

30th October 2005 - Ron Petreanu (KR09)

Ron Petreanu from Armoni Bates was our guest lecturer at Rogozeen on Sunday.  Ron successfully demonstrated the professional aspects of the advertising world.   Thanks to a very communicative presentation, the students showed much interest in the subject and paid a lot of attention. Within less than 20 minutes they already could differentiate between a product and its brand. 

 

Ron proved that not only he could talk the talk but he certainly could walk the walk; the last part of the session was dedicated to a group assignment in which Ron asked the students to come up with an advertising campaign for an imaginary product (embedded MP3, video player sun-glasses). The groups showed much creativity with their idea and seemed to enjoy the whole lecture.

 

2nd October 20005 - Zeev Likwornik, (KR08), Cisco tour

Yesterday was the first tour for this year - Cisco tour.  The tour was organized and hosted by Zeev Likwornik and his team, and was a great success.  By integrating his own background and personal story, with some 'snapshots' into Cisco's core business, and a short sightseeing to Cisco's labs, Zeev  created a great excitement and interest among the teenagers.   It seems like the insight that 'if they have the will, they have the way' was well understood.